Neuronal Markers

Neurons are the specialised cells of the central nervous system; receiving and transmitting electrical signals to control both major and minor bodily functions. Neuronal dysfunction is a significant factor in many neurological disorders, and the ability to identify, characterize, and analyze these different cells, and their functions, is crucial for neuroscience and neuropathology research.

Neurons typically consist of a cell body (found in the grey matter of the brain), dendrites or dendritic arbour (branched processes for receiving signals), and an axon, a long and slender process that can travel short or long distances to send out information to other neurons, which is found in white matter. Different neurons have different roles and can be subdivided into groups based on the neurotransmitters they express, their polarity, morphology, anatomical localization, and the direction in which they transmit information.

Neuronal markers allow for the specific identification and characterization of neurons based on these differences. For example, certain subtypes of interneurons express calretinin, which may not be expressed by pyramidal neurons or other subtypes of interneurons. The different receptors, transcription factors, enzymes, and cytoskeletal proteins which allow for the specific identification of different neuronal cells are of great significance for scientific research. In combination, these qualities can be used to characterize and categorize any neuron in the CNS and can give tangible information about the function and connectivity of that particular cell.

NeuN

This gene encodes a member of the RNA-binding FOX protein family which is involved in the regulation of alternative splicing of pre-mRNA. The protein has an N-terminal proline-rich region, an RNA recognition motif (RRM) domain, and a C-terminal alanine-rich region. This gene produces the neuronal nuclei (NeuN) antigen that has been widely used as a marker for post-mitotic neurons. This gene has its highest expression in the central nervous system and plays a prominent role in neural tissue development and regulation of adult brain function. Mutations in this gene have been associated with numerous neurological disorders. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 146713.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Fox3 Antibody [1B7] (A85405) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-Fox3 Antibody (A85403) Human, Horse, Cow, Porcine, Chicken, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-FOX3 Antibody (A104330) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-NeuN Antibody (A38401) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Recombinant Anti-NeuN Antibody [RM312] (A121385) Human WB, IHC

MAP2

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. The proteins of this family are thought to be involved in microtubule assembly, which is an essential step in neurogenesis. The products of similar genes in rat and mouse are neuron-specific cytoskeletal proteins that are enriched in dentrites, implicating a role in determining and stabilizing dentritic shape during neuron development. A number of alternatively spliced variants encoding distinct isoforms have been described. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 4133.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-MAP2 Antibody (A85363) Human, Horse, Cow, Porcine, Chicken, Rat, Mouse WB, IF/ICC, IHC
Anti-MAP2 Antibody [5H11] (A85296) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-MAP-2 (W14) Antibody (A26917) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Anti-MAP2 Antibody [4H5] (A85297) Human, Rat, Mouse, Bovine WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-Map2 Antibody (A38899) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Anti-MAP2 Antibody [2C4] (A85459) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC

160 kD Neurofilament Medium

Neurofilaments are type IV intermediate filament heteropolymers composed of light, medium, and heavy chains. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and functionally maintain neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This gene encodes the medium neurofilament protein. This protein is commonly used as a biomarker of neuronal damage. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 4741.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Neurofilament Medium Protein Antibody [NF-09] (A86621) Mammalian IHC-P, WB, ICC
Anti-NF-M Antibody (A85323) Human, Horse, Cow, Porcine, Chicken, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC, ABC
Anti-NF-M Antibody [3H11] (A85325) Human, Horse, Cow, Porcine, Chicken, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-NF-M Antibody (A85324) Human, Horse, Cow, Porcine, Chicken, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-160 kD Neurofilament Medium Antibody (A82582) Mouse ELISA, WB

Synaptophysin

This gene encodes an integral membrane protein of small synaptic vesicles in brain and endocrine cells. The protein also binds cholesterol and is thought to direct targeting of vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (synaptobrevin) to intracellular compartments. Mutations in this gene are associated with an X-linked form of cognitive disability. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 6855.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Synaptophysin Antibody [Q21-Q] (A8238) Human IHC-P, IHC-Fr
Anti-Synaptophysin Antibody [SYP/3551] (A250071) Human IHC-P
Recombinant Anti-Synaptophysin Antibody [RM258] (A121433) Human WB, IHC
Anti-Synaptophysin Antibody (A54004) Chicken, Human, Monkey, Mouse, Rat CM, ELISA, ICC, IF, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-Synaptophysin Antibody (A94747) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-Synaptophysin Antibody (FITC) (A52142) Chicken, Human, Monkey, Mouse, Rat CM, ELISA, ICC, IF, IHC, IP, WB

PSD95

Known as postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or Disks large homolog 4. Postsynaptic scaffolding protein that plays a critical role in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity by providing a platform for the postsynaptic clustering of crucial synaptic proteins. Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B. Also regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated state in the presence of glutamate and preventing synaptic depression. Target information from UniProt accession P78352.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-PSD-95 Antibody (A32304) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ICC/IF, IHC, FC
Anti-PSD95 Antibody (A82926) Rat ELISA, WB
Recombinant Anti-PSD95 Antibody [RM288] (A121369) Human, Mouse WB, IHC
Anti-PSD-95 (L302) Antibody (A26618) Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Anti-PSD-95 Antibody (A96774) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA
Anti-PSD-95 Antibody (A40393) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA

Neurofilament heavy polypeptide

Neurofilaments are type IV intermediate filament heteropolymers composed of light, medium, and heavy chains. Neurofilaments comprise the axoskeleton and functionally maintain neuronal caliber. They may also play a role in intracellular transport to axons and dendrites. This gene encodes the heavy neurofilament protein. This protein is commonly used as a biomarker of neuronal damage and susceptibility to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has been associated with mutations in this gene. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 4744.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-NF-H Antibody (A85336) Human, Rat, Mouse, Bovine, Porcine, Horse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-NF-H Antibody (A85337) Human, Rat, Mouse, Bovine, Porcine, Canine, Horse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-Neurofilament heavy protein Antibody [NF-01] (A85597) Mammalian IHC-P, WB, ICC
Anti-Neurofilament Heavy Polypeptide Antibody [NF421] (A249487) Human, Mouse, Rat, Porcine, Chicken FC, IF, WB, IHC-P
Recombinant Anti-Neurofilament Heavy Polypeptide Antibody [NEFL.H/2324R] (A249493) Human, Mouse, Rat, Porcine, Chicken WB, FC, IHC-P
Recombinant Anti-Neurofilament Heavy Polypeptide Antibody [rNF421] (A249492) Human, Mouse, Rat, Porcine, Chicken WB, FC, IHC-P

Doublecortin

This gene encodes a member of the doublecortin family. The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic protein and contains two doublecortin domains, which bind microtubules. In the developing cortex, cortical neurons must migrate over long distances to reach the site of their final differentiation. The encoded protein appears to direct neuronal migration by regulating the organization and stability of microtubules. In addition, the encoded protein interacts with LIS1, the regulatory gamma subunit of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase, and this interaction is important to proper microtubule function in the developing cortex. Mutations in this gene cause abnormal migration of neurons during development and disrupt the layering of the cortex, leading to epilepsy, cognitive disability, subcortical band heterotopia ("double cortex" syndrome) in females and lissencephaly ("smooth brain" syndrome) in males. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 1641.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Doublecortin Antibody (A83146) Human, Mouse ELISA, WB, IHC, IF
Anti-Doublecortin Antibody (A95426) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA
Anti-DCX Antibody (A39184) Human WB, IHC
Anti-Doublecortin Antibody [3E1] (A85376) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-Doublecortin (phospho Ser376) Antibody (A93603) Human, Mouse, Rat IHC, ELISA

NeuroD1

Acts as a transcriptional activator: mediates transcriptional activation by binding to E box-containing promoter consensus core sequences 5'-CANNTG-3'. Associates with the p300/CBP transcription coactivator complex to stimulate transcription of the secretin gene as well as the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A. Contributes to the regulation of several cell differentiation pathways, like those that promote the formation of early retinal ganglion cells, inner ear sensory neurons, granule cells forming either the cerebellum or the dentate gyrus cell layer of the hippocampus, endocrine islet cells of the pancreas and enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine. Together with PAX6 or SIX3, is required for the regulation of amacrine cell fate specification. Also required for dendrite morphogenesis and maintenance in the cerebellar cortex. Associates with chromatin to enhancer regulatory elements in genes encoding key transcriptional regulators of neurogenesis. Target information from UniProt accession Q13562.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Neuro D (Ab-274) Antibody (A41205) Human WB
Anti-Neuro D (phospho Ser274) Antibody Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA
Anti-Neuro D (Phospho-Ser274) Antibody (A50841) Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Anti-NEUROD1 Antibody (A41970) Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Anti-Neuro D Antibody (A96567) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA

beta III Tubulin

This gene encodes a class III member of the beta tubulin protein family. Beta tubulins are one of two core protein families (alpha and beta tubulins) that heterodimerize and assemble to form microtubules. This protein is primarily expressed in neurons and may be involved in neurogenesis and axon guidance and maintenance. Mutations in this gene are the cause of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. A pseudogene of this gene is found on chromosome 6. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 10381.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-beta III Tubulin Antibody [TU-20] (A86691) Mouse, Rat, Hamster, Bovine, Feline, Human, Porcine FC, WB, IHC-P, ICC
Anti-beta III Tubulin Antibody [TUBB3/3731] (A248107) Human IHC-P
Anti-beta III Tubulin Antibody [TUBB3/3732] (A248108) Human IHC-P
Anti-Tubulin beta Antibody (A94860) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-Tubulin beta III Antibody (A24852) Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Anti-beta III Tubulin [TU-20] Antibody (FITC) (A86693) Mouse, Rat, Hamster, Bovine, Feline, Human, Porcine FC, WB, IHC-P, ICC

vGluT2

Vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGluT2). Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. Involved in the regulation of retinal hyaloid vessel regression during postnatal development. Target information from Uniprot accession Q9P2U8.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-SLC17A6 Antibody (A85137) Human ELISA, WB
Anti-SLC17A6 Antibody (A90888) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IF

NMDAR1

The protein encoded by this gene is a critical subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, members of the glutamate receptor channel superfamily which are heteromeric protein complexes with multiple subunits arranged to form a ligand-gated ion channel. These subunits play a key role in the plasticity of synapses, which is believed to underlie memory and learning. Cell-specific factors are thought to control expression of different isoforms, possibly contributing to the functional diversity of the subunits. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2902.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-NMDAR1 (Phospho-Ser890) Antibody (A51406) Human, Mouse, Rat IHC, IF
Anti-NMDAR1 (Ab-897) Antibody (A47302) Human, Mouse, Rat IF
Anti-NMDAR1 Antibody (A83429) Human, Rat ELISA, WB
Anti-NMDAR1 (Ab-896) Antibody (A41241) Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Anti-NMDAR1 (Phospho-Ser890) Antibody (A50899) Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Anti-NMDAR1 (Phospho-Ser896) Antibody (A50878) Human, Mouse, Rat WB

GAP43

Growth associated protein 43 (GAP43), also known as Neuromodulin. The protein encoded by this gene has been termed a 'growth' or 'plasticity' protein because it is expressed at high levels in neuronal growth cones during development and axonal regeneration. This protein is considered a crucial component of an effective regenerative response in the nervous system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2596.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-GAP43 Antibody [5E8] (A85392) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-GAP43 Antibody [3H14] (A85393) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-GAP43 Antibody (A85394) Human, Horse, Cow, Porcine, Chicken, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-GAP43 Antibody (A85292) Human, Horse, Cow, Porcine, Chicken, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-GAP43 (A35) Antibody (A27068) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF
Anti-GAP43 (phospho-S41) Antibody (A27737) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF

NMDAR2B

NMDA Receptor subunit 2B, also known as Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B (GRIN2B or GluN2B). This gene encodes a member of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor family within the ionotropic glutamate receptor superfamily. The encoded protein is a subunit of the NMDA receptor ion channel which acts as an agonist binding site for glutamate. The NMDA receptors mediate a slow calcium-permeable component of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. The NMDA receptors are heterotetramers of seven genetically encoded, differentially expressed subunits including NR1 (GRIN1), NR2 (GRIN2A, GRIN2B, GRIN2C, or GRIN2D) and NR3 (GRIN3A or GRIN3B). The early expression of this gene in development suggests a role in brain development, circuit formation, synaptic plasticity, and cellular migration and differentiation. Naturally occurring mutations within this gene are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders including autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2904.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-NMDAR2B Antibody (A84224) Rat ELISA, WB
Anti-NMDAR2B Antibody (A41932) Human, Mouse WB
Anti-NMDAR2B (Ab-1474) Antibody (A47301) Human, Mouse, Rat IF
Anti-NMDAR2B (phospho Tyr1474) Antibody (A93621) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-NMDAR2B (phospho Tyr1336) Antibody (A93622) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-GRIN2B (phospho Ser1303) Antibody (A93541) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA

Glutaminase

This gene encodes the K-type mitochondrial glutaminase. The encoded protein is an phosphate-activated amidohydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. This protein is primarily expressed in the brain and kidney plays an essential role in generating energy for metabolism, synthesizing the brain neurotransmitter glutamate and maintaining acid-base balance in the kidney. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2744.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-GLS2 Antibody (A49690) Human, Mouse, Rat E, WB
Anti-GLS2 Antibody (A90862) Human, Mouse, Rat WB

Glutamine Synthetase

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glutamine synthetase family. It catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia in an ATP-dependent reaction. This protein plays a role in ammonia and glutamate detoxification, acid-base homeostasis, cell signaling, and cell proliferation. Glutamine is an abundant amino acid, and is important to the biosynthesis of several amino acids, pyrimidines, and purines. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital glutamine deficiency, and overexpression of this gene was observed in some primary liver cancer samples. There are six pseudogenes of this gene found on chromosomes 2, 5, 9, 11, and 12. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2752.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Glutamine Synthetase Antibody (A101718) Plant WB, ELISA
Anti-GLUL Antibody (A30328) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF
Anti-GLUL Antibody (A35556) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF
Anti-Gl Syn Antibody (A96889) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA
Anti-GLUL Antibody (A27984) Human, Mouse, Rat WB
Anti-Glutamine Synthetase Antibody (A40952) Human, Mouse, Rat WB

GAT1

Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 (GAT1), also known as Solute carrier family 6 member 1 (SLC6A1). The protein encoded by this gene is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter that localizes to the plasma membrane. The encoded protein removes GABA from the synaptic cleft, restoring it to presynaptic terminals. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 6529.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-SLC6A1 Antibody (A96733) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA
Anti-SLC6A1 Antibody (A37296) Human WB, IHC
Anti-SLC6A1 Antibody (A27976) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ICC
Anti-SLC6A1 Antibody (A96734) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA
Anti-SLC6A1 Antibody (A96732) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA

GABA B Receptor 1

This gene encodes a receptor for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. This receptor functions as a heterodimer with GABA(B) receptor 2. Defects in this gene may underlie brain disorders such as schizophrenia and epilepsy. Alternative splicing generates multiple transcript variants, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2550.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-GABA-B Receptor Antibody (A94331) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-GABBR1 Antibody (A95746) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IF, ELISA
Anti-GABAB R1 (I902) Antibody (A25162) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Anti-GABAB R1 (P931) Antibody (A26470) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IF
Anti-GABAB R1 Antibody (A35736) Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey WB, IHC, ELISA

GABA B Receptor 2

The multi-pass membrane protein encoded by this gene belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family and GABA-B receptor subfamily. The GABA-B receptors inhibit neuronal activity through G protein-coupled second-messenger systems, which regulate the release of neurotransmitters, and the activity of ion channels and adenylyl cyclase. This receptor subunit forms an active heterodimeric complex with GABA-B receptor subunit 1, neither of which is effective on its own. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with nicotine dependence. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 9568.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-GABA B Receptor 2 Antibody (A52524) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-GABA B Receptor 2 Antibody (A52525) Human, Feline ELISA, IP, WB
Anti-GABA B Receptor 2 Antibody (FITC) (A54022) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-GABA B Receptor 2 Antibody (Biotin) (A53607) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-GABA B Receptor 2 Antibody (FITC) (A54023) Human, Feline ELISA, IP, WB

GAD65

65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), also known as Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2). This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantibody and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the same protein. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2572.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-GAD65 Antibody (A54677) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-GAD65 Antibody (A83263) Human ELISA, WB
Anti-GAD65 Antibody [GAD2/2362] (A248677) Human IHC-P
Anti-GAD65 Antibody [GAD2/1960] (A248676) Human IHC-P
Anti-GAD65 Antibody (FITC) (A53847) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-GAD65 Antibody (Biotin) (A52951) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IHC, IP, WB

GAD67

67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD67), also known as Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1). This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantigen and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Deficiency in this enzyme has been shown to lead to pyridoxine dependency with seizures. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two products, the predominant 67-kD form and a less-frequent 25-kD form. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 2571.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-GAD67 Antibody [GAD1/2391] (A248674) Human ELISA, WB, IHC-P
Anti-GAD-67 (A492) Antibody (A25164) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Anti-GAD67 Antibody (A82616) Human ELISA, WB
Anti-GAD67 Antibody [GAD1/2563] (A248675) Human ELISA, FC, WB
Anti-GAD1 Antibody (A96199) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-GAD67 Antibody (A37682) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC

Tyrosine Hydroxylase

Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH). The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the conversion of tyrosine to dopamine. It is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of catecholamines, hence plays a key role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive Segawa syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 7054.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [4H2] (A104315) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody [N37] (A796) Human, Mouse, Rat, Rabbit WB, IHC-P, IHC-Fr
Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody (A93776) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF, ELISA
Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody (A104316) Human, Rat, Mouse WB, ICC/IF, IHC
Anti-Tyrosine Hydroxylase Antibody (A94724) Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-TH (G13) Antibody (A25394) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF

Dopamine Transporter

Dopamine Transporter 1 (DAT1), also known as solute carrier family 6 member 3 (SLC6A3). This gene encodes a dopamine transporter which is a member of the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family. The 3' UTR of this gene contains a 40 bp tandem repeat, referred to as a variable number tandem repeat or VNTR, which can be present in 3 to 11 copies. Variation in the number of repeats is associated with idiopathic epilepsy, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, dependence on alcohol and cocaine, susceptibility to Parkinson disease and protection against nicotine dependence. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 6531.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-SLC6A3 Antibody (A45480) Human IHC
Anti-Dopamine Transporter Antibody (A52521) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB
Anti-Dopamine Transporter Antibody (A85019) Human ELISA, WB
Anti-Dopamine Transporter (FITC) (A52844) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB
Anti-Dopamine Transporter (Biotin) (A52196) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, WB

FOXA2

Forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), also known as Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3-beta (HNF-3-beta). Transcription factor that is involved in embryonic development, establishment of tissue-specific gene expression and regulation of gene expression in differentiated tissues. Is thought to act as a 'pioneer' factor opening the compacted chromatin for other proteins through interactions with nucleosomal core histones and thereby replacing linker histones at target enhancer and/or promoter sites. Binds DNA with the consensus sequence 5'-[AC]A[AT]T[AG]TT[GT][AG][CT]T[CT]-3'. In embryonic development is required for notochord formation. Involved in the development of multiple endoderm-derived organ systems such as the liver, pancreas and lungs; FOXA1 and FOXA2 seem to have at least in part redundant roles. Originally described as a transcription activator for a number of liver genes such as AFP, albumin, tyrosine aminotransferase, PEPCK, etc. Interacts with the cis-acting regulatory regions of these genes. Target information from Uniprot accession: Q9Y261.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-FOXA2 Antibody (A83266) Human, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC
Anti-FOXA2 Antibody (A83265) Human, Rat ELISA, WB, IHC
Anti-FoxA2 (HNF3b) Antibody (A41457) Human WB

GIRK2

G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2 (GIRK2), also known as potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6 (KCNJ6). This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel family of inward rectifier potassium channels. This type of potassium channel allows a greater flow of potassium into the cell than out of it. These proteins modulate many physiological processes, including heart rate in cardiac cells and circuit activity in neuronal cells, through G-protein coupled receptor stimulation. Mutations in this gene are associated with Keppen-Lubinsky Syndrome, a rare condition characterized by severe developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and intellectual disability. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 3763.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-KCNJ6 Antibody (A84397) Human ELISA, WB
Anti-KCNJ6 Antibody (A46221) Human IHC
Anti-GIRK2 Antibody (A54679) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IMM, WB
Anti-GIRK2 Antibody (FITC) (A53850) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IMM, WB
Anti-GIRK2 Antibody (Biotin) (A52954) Human, Mouse, Rat ELISA, IMM, WB

Nurr1

Nuclear receptor related 1 protein (NURR1), also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2). This gene encodes a member of the steroid-thyroid hormone-retinoid receptor superfamily. The encoded protein may act as a transcription factor. Mutations in this gene have been associated with disorders related to dopaminergic dysfunction, including Parkinson disease, schizophernia, and manic depression. Misregulation of this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not been determined. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 4929.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Nurr1 Antibody (A54717) Human, Mouse ELISA, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-NR4A2 Antibody (A45909) Human IHC
Anti-Nurr1 Antibody (Biotin) (A52987) Human, Mouse ELISA, IHC, IP, WB
Anti-Nurr1 Antibody (FITC) (A53884) Human, Mouse ELISA, IHC, IP, WB

LMX1B

This gene encodes a member of LIM-homeodomain family of proteins containing two N-terminal zinc-binding LIM domains, 1 homeodomain, and a C-terminal glutamine-rich domain. It functions as a transcription factor, and is essential for the normal development of dorsal limb structures, the glomerular basement membrane, the anterior segment of the eye, and dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Mutations in this gene are associated with nail-patella syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 4010.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-LMX1B (D159) Antibody (A26294) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Anti-LMX1B Antibody (A99051) Human, Mouse WB, ELISA

Tryptophan Hydroxylase

This gene encodes a member of the aromatic amino acid hydroxylase family. The encoded protein catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin, an important hormone and neurotransmitter. Mutations in this gene have been associated with an elevated risk for a variety of diseases and disorders, including schizophrenia, somatic anxiety, anger-related traits, bipolar disorder, suicidal behavior, addictions, and others. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 7166.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Tryptophan Hydroxylase Antibody (A93481) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF, ELISA
Anti-Tryptophan Hydroxylase Antibody (A93480) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF, ELISA
Anti-Tryptophan Hydroxylase (phospho Ser58) Antibody (A95945) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA
Anti-Tryptophan Hydroxylase (phospho Ser260) Antibody (A95651) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA

Serotonin Transporter

Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter (SERT), also known as Solute carrier family 6 member 4 (SLC6A4). This gene encodes an integral membrane protein that transports the neurotransmitter serotonin from synaptic spaces into presynaptic neurons. The encoded protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner. This protein is a target of psychomotor stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, and is a member of the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter family. A repeat length polymorphism in the promoter of this gene has been shown to affect the rate of serotonin uptake. There have been conflicting results in the literature about the possible effect, if any, that this polymorphism may play in behavior and depression. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 6532.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-Serotonin transporter Antibody (A85020) Mouse ELISA, WB
Anti-Serotonin transporter Antibody (A84084) Human, Rat ELISA, WB, IF
Anti-SERT Antibody (A104336) Human, Bovine, Rat, Mouse ICC/IF
Anti-SLC6A4 Antibody (A45543) Human, Mouse, Rat IHC
Anti-ST Antibody (A98676) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA

Choline Acetyltransferase

Choline O-acetyltransferase (CHAT). This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. This gene product is a characteristic feature of cholinergic neurons, and changes in these neurons may explain some of the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Polymorphisms in this gene have been associated with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Mutations in this gene are associated with congenital myasthenic syndrome associated with episodic apnea. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene, and some of these variants have been shown to encode more than one isoform. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 1103.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-CHAT Antibody (A35519) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, IF
Anti-Choline Acetyltransferase Antibody (A82508) Mouse ELISA, WB, IHC
Anti-Choactase Antibody (A96006) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA
Anti-Choline Acetyltransferase Antibody (A83226) Human ELISA, WB
Anti-Choactase Antibody (A40259) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, ELISA

Acetylcholinesterase

Acetylcholinesterase hydrolyzes the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions and brain cholinergic synapses, and thus terminates signal transmission. It is also found on the red blood cell membranes, where it constitutes the Yt blood group antigen. Acetylcholinesterase exists in multiple molecular forms which possess similar catalytic properties, but differ in their oligomeric assembly and mode of cell attachment to the cell surface. It is encoded by the single ACHE gene, and the structural diversity in the gene products arises from alternative mRNA splicing, and post-translational associations of catalytic and structural subunits. The major form of acetylcholinesterase found in brain, muscle and other tissues is the hydrophilic species, which forms disulfide-linked oligomers with collagenous, or lipid-containing structural subunits. The other, alternatively spliced form, expressed primarily in the erythroid tissues, differs at the C-terminal end, and contains a cleavable hydrophobic peptide with a GPI-anchor site. It associates with the membranes through the phosphoinositide (PI) moieties added post-translationally. AChE activity may constitute a sensitive biomarker of RBC ageing in vivo, and thus, may be of aid in understanding the effects of transfusion. Target information from NCBI Gene ID: 43.

Product Name Reactivity Applications
Anti-ACHE Antibody (A83194) Human ELISA, WB
Anti-AChE (K585) Antibody (A27106) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Anti-AChE Antibody (A24967) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC
Anti-AChE Antibody (A96247) Human, Mouse, Rat WB, IHC, ELISA

Featured Neuronal Markers