Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells within tumours that possess stem cell-like properties, including self-renewal capacity and the ability to give rise to the diverse cell types found within a tumour. Although there are no universal cancer stem cell markers there are some common features and transcription factors associated with CSCs that have been identified. These transcription factors are not exclusive to CSCs but are often upregulated or play important roles in CSC biology across various cancer types. Importantly, most markers expressed in CSCs can also be found in adult tissue resident stem cell populations, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) or adult tissues. The intracellular markers used to identify CRCs can have various cellular functions. For example: 1) ALDH (Aldehyde Dehydrogenase) is an enzyme involved in detoxifying aldehydes. High ALDH activity is a common marker for CSCs in multiple cancer types with high expression associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy; 2) BMI1 (B-Cell-Specific Moloney Murine Leukaemia Virus Integration Site 1) is a transcriptional repressor that plays a role in self-renewal and maintenance of stem cell properties. It is often upregulated in CSCs and contributes to therapy resistance and tumour recurrence; 3) Nanog is a transcription factor associated with pluripotency and self-renewal. Nanog is a key regulator of pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and its expression is associated with the stem cell state. In CSCs, Nanog contributes to maintaining a similar stem cell-like, undifferentiated state. This property allows CSCs to resist differentiation signals, ensuring that a pool of undifferentiated cells is available for tumour growth and initiation; 4) Oct4 (Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4) is another transcription factor crucial for pluripotency and self-renewal. Its expression has been detected in CSCs, particularly in embryonal carcinoma and germ cell tumours; 5) Sox2 (SRY-Box Transcription Factor 2) is a transcription factor associated with stem cell properties and is frequently upregulated in CSCs. It plays a role in maintaining pluripotency and self-renewal. Sox2 expression has been found in various CSCs, including in breast cancer, glioblastoma, and lung cancer.; 6) KLF4 (Kruppel-Like Factor 4) is a transcription factor involved in reprogramming somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. It has been found to play a role in CSC self-renewal and maintenance in some cancers; 7) Hedgehog Pathway Components (e.g., Gli1). The Hedgehog pathway is implicated in CSC maintenance, particularly in cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. Gli1, a transcription factor in this pathway, is often upregulated in CSCs; 8) Notch Pathway Components (e.g., Notch Intracellular Domain, NICD). NICD is a central player in the Notch signalling pathway, and its activation in CSCs is associated with the promotion of self-renewal. Notch signalling maintains the pool of CSCs by preventing their differentiation and ensuring that a subpopulation of undifferentiated, cancer stem cells is available for tumour growth and initiation. NICD, upon activation, translocates to the nucleus and regulates the expression of target genes involved in self-renewal. We offer a wide product catalogue of research reagents for investigating intracellular CSCs markers, including PSCA antibodies. Explore our full intracellular CSCs markers product range below and discover more, for less.