Mitochondrial biogenesis is the process by which new mitochondria are formed within animal cells. It involves the growth, division, and replication of pre-existing mitochondria, as well as the synthesis of new mitochondrial components. Mitochondrial biogenesis is crucial for maintaining cellular energy production, regulating various metabolic processes, and responding to changes in energy demands. The process of mitochondrial biogenesis is tightly regulated and influenced by various factors, including energy status, nutrient availability, and cellular signalling pathways. A key regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis is peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a transcriptional coactivator that coordinates the expression of numerous nuclear and mitochondrial genes involved in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Mitochondria possess their own small circular DNA, distinct from the nuclear DNA. Replication of mtDNA is an essential step in mitochondrial biogenesis as mtDNA encodes some of the proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation, the process that generates ATP in mitochondria. To accommodate mitochondrial biogenesis, existing mtDNA must replicate, and new copies of the mitochondrial genome distributed between the daughter mitochondria during mitochondrial division. Mitochondrial division is the process by which a single mitochondrion undergoes fission to generate two daughter mitochondria. It is a dynamic process regulated by a family of regulatory GTPases, including Drp1 (dynamin-related protein 1), Fis1 (mitochondrial fission 1), and Mff (mitochondrial fission factor). These proteins act together to constrict the mitochondrial membrane and divide the organelle into daughter organelles. This process allows for the distribution of mitochondria throughout the cell and the generation of new mitochondria. In contrast to division, mitochondrial fusion is the process by which two separate mitochondria merge to form a single, larger mitochondrion. GTPases belonging to the dynamin family such as Mitofusins (Mfn1 and Mfn2) and Opa1 (optic atrophy 1) are key proteins involved in mediating mitochondrial fusion. This process is essential for maintaining mitochondrial function and is critical during mitochondrial biogenesis to ensure the efficient exchange of mitochondrial components and mtDNA, for example between damaged and health mitochondria. Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles that contain their own DNA and ribosomes, however most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and synthesized on cytoplasmic ribosomes. These proteins must therefore be imported into the mitochondria through specific translocase complexes located in the mitochondrial membranes. The import of proteins is therefore an essential step in mitochondrial biogenesis, ensuring that newly formed mitochondria receive all their necessary components. Mitochondrial biogenesis plays a crucial role in various cellular functions with its primary role that of adapting cellular energy production to meet increased energy demand. During periods of increased energy demand, such as exercise or nutrient intake, mitochondrial biogenesis is upregulated to increase the capacity for ATP production. Additionally, mitochondrial biogenesis is essential for maintaining cellular redox balance and regulating biosynthetic metabolic processes. Since mitochondria play a central role in cellular respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis is critical for proper cellular metabolism. We offer a comprehensive product range of research reagents for investigating mitochondrial biogenesis, including SP1 antibodies, Nrf2 antibodies, NRF1 antibodies, PPAR alpha antibodies, and SP1 ELISA Kits. Explore our full mitochondrial biogenesis product range below and discover more, for less.