The ECM (or extracellular matrix) is a complex network of proteins, carbohydrates, and other molecules that surrounds and supports cells in tissues. It plays critical roles in normal physiological processes, as well as in cancer. The ECM provides structural integrity and support to tissues. It consists of various components, including fibrous proteins like collagen and elastin, glycoproteins such as fibronectin and laminin, and proteoglycans. These components form a molecular scaffold that holds cells together and contributes to tissue organization. The ECM is also a key component of the tumour microenvironment, which includes cancer cells, immune cells, blood vessels, and other cells. The altered ECM in tumours promotes an environment favourable for cancer progression. Cancer cells interact with the ECM during invasion and metastasis with the ECM providing a physical barrier that invading cancer cells must overcome to infiltrate surrounding tissues and migrate to distant sites. The ECM also influences cancer cell migration/motility and guides their movement. The ECM also plays an important role in tumour angiogenesis. It provides structural support for the formation and stabilization of new blood vessels in tumours. Moreover, ECM components can locally release growth factors and cytokines that themselves promote angiogenesis. In the tumour microenvironment the ECM can now be seen to act as a signalling platform that influences cellular behaviour. It interacts with cell surface receptors, such as integrins, which then activate intracellular signalling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of these ECM-mediated signals can contribute to tumour progression. The altered ECM in tumours can unfortunately also create a protective environment that can limit anti-cancer drug penetration hindering the effectiveness of anti - cancer therapies. The ECM can act as a physical protective barrier in some cancers, particularly pancreatic cancer, and contribute to drug resistance mechanisms in cancer cells. Understanding the roles of the ECM in cancer is essential for developing targeted therapies. Researchers are exploring strategies to disrupt the deposition of ECM and its associated signalling pathways to prevent tumour invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. By targeting the ECM, it may be possible to enhance the efficacy of future cancer treatments and improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients. We offer a large product catalogue of research tools for investigating ECM, including CD31 antibodies, MUC1 antibodies, beta Catenin antibodies, MMP9 ELISA Kits, and MMP3 ELISA Kits. Explore our full ECM product range below and discover more, for less. Alternatively, you can explore our Extracellular Matrix and Cell Adhesion product ranges.