Riepilogo UniProt
Nonselective, voltage-independent cation channel that mediates Na(+) and Ca(2+) influx, leading to increased cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels (PubMed:11960981, PubMed:12594222, PubMed:11385575, PubMed:11509734, PubMed:11804595, PubMed:15561722, PubMed:16601673, PubMed:19171771, PubMed:20660597, PubMed:25620041, PubMed:27383051, PubMed:27068538, PubMed:28775320, PubMed:29745897, PubMed:30467180). Functions as ligand-gated ion channel (PubMed:19171771, PubMed:25620041, PubMed:28775320, PubMed:30467180). Binding of ADP-ribose to the cytoplasmic Nudix domain causes a conformation change; the channel is primed but still requires Ca(2+) binding to trigger channel opening (PubMed:19171771, PubMed:25620041, PubMed:28775320, PubMed:29745897, PubMed:30467180). Extracellular calcium passes through the channel and increases channel activity (PubMed:19171771). Contributes to Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores in response to ADP-ribose (PubMed:19454650). Plays a role in numerous processes that involve signaling via intracellular Ca(2+) levels (Probable). Besides, mediates the release of lysosomal Zn(2+) stores in response to reactive oxygen species, leading to increased cytosolic Zn(2+) levels (PubMed:25562606, PubMed:27068538). Activated by moderate heat (35 to 40 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:16601673). Activated by intracellular ADP-ribose, beta-NAD (NAD(+)) and similar compounds, and by oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (PubMed:11960981, PubMed:11385575, PubMed:11509734, PubMed:11804595, PubMed:15561722, PubMed:16601673, PubMed:19171771, PubMed:25620041, PubMed:27383051, PubMed:27068538, PubMed:30467180). The precise physiological activators are under debate; the true, physiological activators may be ADP-ribose and ADP-ribose-2'-phosphate (PubMed:20650899, PubMed:25918360). Activation by ADP-ribose and beta-NAD is strongly increased by moderate heat (35 to 40 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:16601673). Likewise, reactive oxygen species lower the threshold for activation by moderate heat (37 degrees Celsius) (PubMed:22493272). Plays a role in mediating behavorial and physiological responses to moderate heat and thereby contributes to body temperature homeostasis. Plays a role in insulin secretion, a process that requires increased cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels (By similarity). Required for normal IFNG and cytokine secretion and normal innate immune immunity in response to bacterial infection. Required for normal phagocytosis and cytokine release by macrophages exposed to zymosan (in vitro). Plays a role in dendritic cell differentiation and maturation, and in dendritic cell chemotaxis via its role in regulating cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and filopodia formation in response to reactive oxygen species via its role in increasing cytoplasmic Ca(2+) and Zn(2+) levels (PubMed:27068538). Confers susceptibility to cell death following oxidative stress (PubMed:12594222, PubMed:25562606).
Sommario di Entrez
The protein encoded by this gene forms a tetrameric cation channel that is permeable to calcium, sodium, and potassium and is regulated by free intracellular ADP-ribose. The encoded protein is activated by oxidative stress and confers susceptibility to cell death. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct protein isoforms. Additional transcript variants of this gene have been described, but their full-length nature is not known.
Specificità del tessuto
Highly expressed in brain and peripheral blood cells, such as neutrophils. Also detected in bone marrow, spleen, heart, liver and lung. Isoform 2 is found in neutrophil granulocytes.
