Dosaggi Dystrophin

Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F-actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission.

This gene spans a genomic range of greater than 2 Mb and encodes a large protein containing an N-terminal actin-binding domain and multiple spectrin repeats. The encoded protein forms a component of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), which bridges the inner cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Deletions, duplications, and point mutations at this gene locus may cause Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), or cardiomyopathy. Alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing result in numerous distinct transcript variants and protein isoforms for this gene.

Expressed in muscle fibers accumulating in the costameres of myoplasm at the sarcolemma. Expressed in brain, muscle, kidney, lung and testis. Most tissues contain transcripts of multiple isoforms. Isoform 15: Only isoform to be detected in heart and liver and is also expressed in brain, testis and hepatoma cells.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Most common form of muscular dystrophy; a sex-linked recessive disorder. It typically presents in boys aged 3 to 7 year as proximal muscle weakness causing waddling gait, toe-walking, lordosis, frequent falls, and difficulty in standing up and climbing up stairs. The pelvic girdle is affected first, then the shoulder girdle. Progression is steady and most patients are confined to a wheelchair by age of 10 or 12. Flexion contractures and scoliosis ultimately occur. About 50% of patients have a lower IQ than their genetic expectations would suggest. There is no treatment.

Becker muscular dystrophy: A neuromuscular disorder characterized by dystrophin deficiency. It appears between the age of 5 and 15 years with a proximal motor deficiency of variable progression. Heart involvement can be the initial sign. Becker muscular dystrophy has a more benign course than Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Cardiomyopathy, dilated, X-linked 3B: A disorder characterized by ventricular dilation and impaired systolic function, resulting in congestive heart failure and arrhythmia. Patients are at risk of premature death.

Cell membrane > Sarcolemma. Cytoplasm > Cytoskeleton. Cell junction > Synapse > Postsynaptic cell membrane.

In muscle cells, sarcolemma localization requires the presence of ANK2, while localization to costameres requires the presence of ANK3. Localizes to neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). In adult muscle, NMJ localization depends upon ANK2 presence, but not in newborn animals.