Brachyolmia 3: A form of brachyolmia, a clinically and genetically heterogeneous skeletal dysplasia primarily affecting the spine and characterized by a short trunk, short stature, and platyspondyly. BCYM3 is an autosomal dominant form with severe scoliosis with or without kyphosis, and flattened irregular cervical vertebrae.
Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Kozlowski type: A form of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, a group of short stature disorders distinguished by abnormalities in the vertebrae and the metaphyses of the tubular bones. It is characterized by postnatal dwarfism, significant scoliosis and mild metaphyseal abnormalities in the pelvis. The vertebrae exhibit platyspondyly and overfaced pedicles.
Metatropic dysplasia: A severe spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia characterized by short limbs with limitation and enlargement of joints and usually severe kyphoscoliosis. Radiologic features include severe platyspondyly, severe metaphyseal enlargement and shortening of long bones.
Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 8: A clinically variable, neuromuscular disorder characterized by congenital lower motor neuron disorder restricted to the lower part of the body. Clinical manifestations include non-progressive muscular atrophy, thigh muscle atrophy, weak thigh adductors, weak knee and foot extensors, minimal jaw muscle and neck flexor weakness, flexion contractures of knees and pes equinovarus. Tendon reflexes are normal.
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2C: An axonal form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by progressive weakness and atrophy, initially of the peroneal muscles and later of the distal muscles of the arms. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is classified in two main groups on the basis of electrophysiologic properties and histopathology: primary peripheral demyelinating neuropathies (designated CMT1 when they are dominantly inherited) and primary peripheral axonal neuropathies (CMT2). Neuropathies of the CMT2 group are characterized by signs of axonal degeneration in the absence of obvious myelin alterations, normal or slightly reduced nerve conduction velocities, and progressive distal muscle weakness and atrophy.
Scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy: A clinically variable neuromuscular disorder characterized by neurogenic scapuloperoneal amyotrophy, laryngeal palsy, congenital absence of muscles, progressive scapuloperoneal atrophy and progressive distal weakness and amyotrophy.
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia Maroteaux type: A clinically variable spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia with manifestations limited to the musculoskeletal system. Clinical features include short stature, brachydactyly, platyspondyly, short and stubby hands and feet, epiphyseal hypoplasia of the large joints, and iliac hypoplasia. Intelligence is normal.
Parastremmatic dwarfism: A bone dysplasia characterized by severe dwarfism, kyphoscoliosis, distortion and bowing of the extremities, and contractures of the large joints. Radiographically, the disease is characterized by a combination of decreased bone density, bowing of the long bones, platyspondyly and striking irregularities of endochondral ossification with areas of calcific stippling and streaking in radiolucent epiphyses, metaphyses and apophyses.
Digital arthropathy-brachydactyly, familial: A disorder characterized by irregularities in the proximal articular surfaces of the distal interphalangeal joints of the hand. Individuals appear normal at birth, with no clinical or radiographic evidence of a developmental skeletal dysplasia. The earliest changes appear during the first decade of life. By adulthood, all interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints are affected by a deforming, painful osteoarthritis. The remainder of the skeleton is clinically and radiographically unaffected.
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head, primary 2: A disease characterized by mechanical failure of the subchondral bone, and degeneration of the hip joint. It usually leads to destruction of the hip joint in the third to fifth decade of life. The clinical manifestations, such as pain on exertion, a limping gait, and a discrepancy in leg length, cause considerable disability.
