Anticorps AIF

Functions both as NADH oxidoreductase and as regulator of apoptosis (PubMed:20362274, PubMed:23217327, PubMed:17094969). In response to apoptotic stimuli, it is released from the mitochondrion intermembrane space into the cytosol and to the nucleus, where it functions as a proapoptotic factor in a caspase-independent pathway. The soluble form (AIFsol) found in the nucleus induces 'parthanatos' i.e. caspase-independent fragmentation of chromosomal DNA (By similarity). Binds to DNA in a sequence-independent manner (PubMed:27178839). Interacts with EIF3G, and thereby inhibits the EIF3 machinery and protein synthesis, and activates caspase-7 to amplify apoptosis (PubMed:17094969). Plays a critical role in caspase-independent, pyknotic cell death in hydrogen peroxide-exposed cells (PubMed:19418225). In contrast, participates in normal mitochondrial metabolism. Plays an important role in the regulation of respiratory chain biogenesis by interacting with CHCHD4 and controlling CHCHD4 mitochondrial import (PubMed:26004228).

This gene encodes a member of the thioredoxin superfamily. Members of this family are characterized by a conserved active motif called the thioredoxin fold that catalyzes disulfide bond formation and isomerization. This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and has a single atypical active motif. The encoded protein is mainly involved in catalyzing native disulfide bond formation and displays activity similar to protein-disulfide isomerases. This protein may play a role in defense against endoplasmic reticulum stress. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants.

Expressed in all tested tissues (PubMed:16644725). Detected in muscle and skin fibroblasts (at protein level) (PubMed:23217327).

Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 6: A mitochondrial disease resulting in a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by psychomotor delay, hypotonia, areflexia, muscle weakness and wasting. Some patients manifest prenatal ventriculomegaly and severe postnatal encephalomyopathy.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, X-linked recessive, 4, with or without cerebellar ataxia: A neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive sensorimotor axonal neuropathy, distal sensory impairment, difficulty walking due to peripheral neuropathy and/or cerebellar ataxia, and deafness due to auditory neuropathy. Additional features include cognitive impairment, cerebellar atrophy, dysarthria, abnormal extraocular movements, tremor, dysmetria and spasticity. The age at onset ranges from infancy to young adulthood.

Deafness, X-linked, 5: A form of hearing loss characterized by absent or severely abnormal auditory brainstem response, abnormal middle ear reflexes, abnormal speech discrimination, loss of outer hair cell function, and cochlear nerve hypoplasia. DFNX5 patients manifest auditory neuropathy with childhood onset, associated with distal sensory impairment affecting the peripheral nervous system.

Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family.

Under normal conditions, a 54-residue N-terminal segment is first proteolytically removed during or just after translocation into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) by the mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) to form the inner-membrane-anchored mature form (AIFmit). During apoptosis, it is further proteolytically processed at amino-acid position 101 leading to the generation of the mature form, which is confined to the mitochondrial IMS in a soluble form (AIFsol). AIFsol is released to the cytoplasm in response to specific death signals, and translocated to the nucleus, where it induces nuclear apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner.

Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Mitochondrion inner membrane. Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm > Perinuclear region.

Proteolytic cleavage during or just after translocation into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) results in the formation of an inner-membrane-anchored mature form (AIFmit). During apoptosis, further proteolytic processing leads to a mature form, which is confined to the mitochondrial IMS in a soluble form (AIFsol). AIFsol is released to the cytoplasm in response to specific death signals, and translocated to the nucleus, where it induces nuclear apoptosis (PubMed:15775970). Colocalizes with EIF3G in the nucleus and perinuclear region (PubMed:17094969).