SET ist ein Gen, das durch das Symbol SET kodiert wird. Es ist auch bekannt als: Protein HLA-DR-associated protein II; Inhibitor of granzyme A-activated DNase; IGAAD; PHAPII; Phosphatase 2A inhibitor I2PP2A; I-2PP2A; Template-activating factor I; TAF-I. SET hat eine Masse von 33.49kDa, eine Aminosäurelänge von 290, und ist an Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 58 beteiligt.
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Gen- und Proteininformationen
UniProt Zusammenfassung
Multitasking protein, involved in apoptosis, transcription, nucleosome assembly and histone chaperoning. Isoform 2 anti-apoptotic activity is mediated by inhibition of the GZMA-activated DNase, NME1. In the course of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-induced apoptosis, GZMA cleaves SET, disrupting its binding to NME1 and releasing NME1 inhibition. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatase 2A. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 inhibit EP300/CREBBP and PCAF-mediated acetylation of histones (HAT) and nucleosomes, most probably by masking the accessibility of lysines of histones to the acetylases. The predominant target for inhibition is histone H4. HAT inhibition leads to silencing of HAT-dependent transcription and prevents active demethylation of DNA. Both isoforms stimulate DNA replication of the adenovirus genome complexed with viral core proteins; however, isoform 2 specific activity is higher.
Entrez Zusammenfassung
The protein encoded by this gene inhibits acetylation of nucleosomes, especially histone H4, by histone acetylases (HAT). This inhibition is most likely accomplished by masking histone lysines from being acetylated, and the consequence is to silence HAT-dependent transcription. The encoded protein is part of a complex localized to the endoplasmic reticulum but is found in the nucleus and inhibits apoptosis following attack by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This protein can also enhance DNA replication of the adenovirus genome. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
Gewebespezifität
Widely expressed. Low levels in quiescent cells during serum starvation, contact inhibition or differentiation. Highly expressed in Wilms' tumor.
Rolle bei Krankheiten
Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 58: A form of mental retardation, a disorder characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptive behavior and manifested during the developmental period. MRD58 is characterized by delayed development, intellectual disability, language delay and speech impairment. Some patients have motor delay or incoordination, and minor dysmorphic features.
Sequenzähnlichkeiten
Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.
Posttranslationale Modifikation
Isoform 2 is phosphorylated on Ser-15 and Ser-24.
Zellort
Cytoplasm > Cytosol. Endoplasmic reticulum. Nucleus > Nucleoplasm.
In the cytoplasm, found both in the cytosol and associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The SET complex is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. Following CTL attack and cleavage by GZMA, moves rapidly to the nucleus, where it is found in the nucleoplasm, avoiding the nucleolus. Similar translocation to the nucleus is also observed for lymphocyte-activated killer cells after the addition of calcium.
