Anti-FOXO3A Antikörper

Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3' and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy (PubMed:10102273, PubMed:16751106, PubMed:21329882). Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in starved cells, enters the nucleus following dephosphorylation and binds the promoters of autophagy genes, such as GABARAP1L, MAP1LC3B and ATG12, thereby activating their expression, resulting in proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins (By similarity). Triggers apoptosis in the absence of survival factors, including neuronal cell death upon oxidative stress (PubMed:10102273, PubMed:16751106). Participates in post-transcriptional regulation of MYC: following phosphorylation by MAPKAPK5, promotes induction of miR-34b and miR-34c expression, 2 post-transcriptional regulators of MYC that bind to the 3'UTR of MYC transcript and prevent its translation (PubMed:21329882). In response to metabolic stress, translocates into the mitochondria where it promotes mtDNA transcription (PubMed:23283301).

This gene belongs to the forkhead family of transcription factors which are characterized by a distinct forkhead domain. This gene likely functions as a trigger for apoptosis through expression of genes necessary for cell death. Translocation of this gene with the MLL gene is associated with secondary acute leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed.

Ubiquitous.

In the presence of survival factors such as IGF-1, phosphorylated on Thr-32 and Ser-253 by AKT1/PKB (PubMed:10102273). This phosphorylated form then interacts with 14-3-3 proteins and is retained in the cytoplasm (PubMed:10102273). Survival factor withdrawal induces dephosphorylation and promotes translocation to the nucleus where the dephosphorylated protein induces transcription of target genes and triggers apoptosis (PubMed:10102273). Although AKT1/PKB doesn't appear to phosphorylate Ser-315 directly, it may activate other kinases that trigger phosphorylation at this residue (PubMed:10102273, PubMed:11154281). Phosphorylated by STK4/MST1 on Ser-209 upon oxidative stress, which leads to dissociation from YWHAB/14-3-3-beta and nuclear translocation (PubMed:16751106). Phosphorylated by PIM1 (PubMed:18593906). Phosphorylation by AMPK leads to the activation of transcriptional activity without affecting subcellular localization (PubMed:17711846). In response to metabolic stress, phosphorylated by AMPK on Ser-30 which mediates FOXO3 mitochondrial translocation (PubMed:29445193). Phosphorylation by MAPKAPK5 promotes nuclear localization and DNA-binding, leading to induction of miR-34b and miR-34c expression, 2 post-transcriptional regulators of MYC that bind to the 3'UTR of MYC transcript and prevent its translation (PubMed:21329882). Phosphorylated by CHUK/IKKA and IKBKB/IKKB (PubMed:15084260). TNF-induced inactivation of FOXO3 requires its phosphorylation at Ser-644 by IKBKB/IKKB which promotes FOXO3 retention in the cytoplasm, polyubiquitination and ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation (PubMed:15084260). May be dephosphorylated by calcineurin A on Ser-299 which abolishes FOXO3 transcriptional activity (By similarity). In cancer cells, ERK mediated-phosphorylation of Ser-12 is required for mitochondrial translocation of FOXO3 in response to metabolic stress or chemotherapeutic agents (PubMed:29445193).

Cytoplasm > Cytosol. Nucleus. Mitochondrion matrix. Mitochondrion outer membrane.

Retention in the cytoplasm contributes to its inactivation (PubMed:10102273, PubMed:15084260, PubMed:16751106). Translocates to the nucleus upon oxidative stress and in the absence of survival factors (PubMed:10102273, PubMed:16751106). Translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus following dephosphorylation in response to autophagy-inducing stimuli (By similarity). Translocates in a AMPK-dependent manner into the mitochondrion in response to metabolic stress (PubMed:23283301, PubMed:29445193).