Anti-epithelial Sodium Channel alpha Antikörper

Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Plays an essential role in electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis, but also in airway surface liquid homeostasis, which is important for proper clearance of mucus. Controls the reabsorption of sodium in kidney, colon, lung and eccrine sweat glands. Also plays a role in taste perception.

Nonvoltage-gated, amiloride-sensitive, sodium channels control fluid and electrolyte transport across epithelia in many organs. These channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of 3 subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. This gene encodes the alpha subunit, and mutations in this gene have been associated with pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1), a rare salt wasting disease resulting from target organ unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoids. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

Expressed in the female reproductive tract, from the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube to the endometrium (at protein level) (PubMed:22207244). Expressed in kidney (at protein level). In the respiratory tract, expressed in the bronchial epithelium (at protein level). Highly expressed in lung. Detected at intermediate levels in pancreas and liver, and at low levels in heart and placenta (PubMed:22207244). in skin, expressed in keratinocytes, melanocytes and Merkel cells of the epidermal sub-layers, stratum basale, stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum (at protein level) (PubMed:28130590). Expressed in the outer root sheath of the hair follicles (at protein level) (PubMed:28130590). Detected in both peripheral and central cells of the sebaceous gland (at protein level) (PubMed:28130590). Expressed by eccrine sweat glands (at protein level) (PubMed:28130590). In skin, also expressed by arrector pili muscle cells and intradermal adipocytes (PubMed:28130590). Isoform 1 and isoform 2 predominate in all tissues. Expression of isoform 3, isoform 4 and isoform 5 is very low or not detectable, except in lung and heart (PubMed:9575806).

Pseudohypoaldosteronism 1, autosomal recessive: A rare salt wasting disease resulting from target organ unresponsiveness to mineralocorticoids. PHA1B is a severe form involving multiple organ systems, and characterized by an often fulminant presentation in the neonatal period with dehydration, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, failure to thrive and weight loss.

Bronchiectasis with or without elevated sweat chloride 2: A debilitating respiratory disease characterized by chronic, abnormal dilatation of the bronchi and other cystic fibrosis-like symptoms in the absence of known causes of bronchiectasis (cystic fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, ciliary dyskinesia, common variable immunodeficiency, foreign body obstruction). Clinical features include sub-normal lung function, sinopulmonary infections, chronic productive cough, excessive sputum production, and elevated sweat chloride in some cases.

Liddle syndrome 3: A form of Liddle syndrome, an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by early onset of hypertension, hypokalemic alkalosis, and suppression of plasma renin activity and aldosterone secretion.

Belongs to the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (TC 1.A.6) family. SCNN1A subfamily.

Ubiquitinated; this targets individual subunits for endocytosis and proteasome-mediated degradation.

Apical cell membrane. Cell projection > Cilium. Cytoplasmic granule. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vesicle > Secretory vesicle > Acrosome. Cell projection > Cilium > Flagellum.

In the oviduct and bronchus, located on cilia in multi-ciliated cells. In endometrial non-ciliated epithelial cells, restricted to apical surfaces. In epidermis, located nearly uniformly in the cytoplasm in a granular distribution (PubMed:28130590). In sebaceous glands, observed only in the cytoplasmic space in between the lipid vesicles (PubMed:28130590). In eccrine sweat glands, mainly located at the apical surface of the cells facing the lumen (PubMed:28130590). In skin, in arrector pili muscle cells and in adipocytes, located in the cytoplasm and colocalized with actin fibers (PubMed:28130590). In spermatogonia, spermatocytes and round spermatids, located in the cytoplasm (By similarity). Prior to spermiation, location shifts from the cytoplasm to the spermatid tail (By similarity). In spermatozoa, localizes at the acrosome and the central region of the sperm flagellum (By similarity).