Specificity
This antibody recognises the disulphide-linked homodimeric cysteine knot protein known as human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2/BMP-2a), full-length 396 amino acids. BMP-2 is a member of the Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily and one of a growing number of osteogenic proteins shown to induce bone and cartilage formation and to play an important role in developmental processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and morphogenesis.BMPs act through binding with a receptor complex consisting of type I and type II serine/threonine kinases, resulting ultimately in the activation of the Smad protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Several antagonist proteins, including, noggin, chordin, gremlin and follistatin, are responsible for modulating the signaling effects of BMPs, through the binding and blocking of receptor ligands, thereby preventing activation.The realization that BMP-2 was involved in the stimulation of bone formation emerged from research in spinal surgery, following the discovery that the healing of bones was directed by proteins contained within the bone matrix itself.